Fitting a time-varying coefficient DLM

I want to fit a DLM with time-varying coefficients, i.e. an extension to the usual linear regression,

$y_t = \theta_1 + \theta_2x_2$.

I have a predictor ($x_2$) and a response variable ($y_t$), marine & inland annual fish catches respectively from 1950 – 2011. I want the DLM regression model to follow,

$y_t = \theta_{t,1} + \theta_{t,2}x_t$

where the system evolution equation is

$\theta_t = G_t \theta_{t-1}$

from page 43 of Dynamic Linear Models With R by Petris et al.

Some coding here,

fishdata <- read.csv("http://dl.dropbox.com/s/4w0utkqdhqribl4/fishdata.csv", header=T)
x <- fishdata$marinefao y <- fishdata$inlandfao

lmodel <- lm(y ~ x)
summary(lmodel)
plot(x, y)
abline(lmodel)


Clearly time-varying coefficients of the regression model are more appropriate here. I follow his example from pages 121 – 125 and want to apply this to my own data. This is the coding from the example

############ PAGE 123
require(dlm)

capm.ts <- ts(capm, start = c(1978, 1), frequency = 12)
colnames(capm)
plot(capm.ts)
IBM <- capm.ts[, "IBM"]  - capm.ts[, "RKFREE"]
x <- capm.ts[, "MARKET"] - capm.ts[, "RKFREE"]
x
plot(x)
outLM <- lm(IBM ~ x)
outLM$coef acf(outLM$res)
qqnorm(outLM$res) sig <- var(outLM$res)
sig

mod <- dlmModReg(x,dV = sig, m0 = c(0, 1.5), C0 = diag(c(1e+07, 1)))
outF <- dlmFilter(IBM, mod)
outF$m plot(outF$m)
outF$m[ 1 + length(IBM), ] ########## PAGES 124-125 buildCapm <- function(u){ dlmModReg(x, dV = exp(u[1]), dW = exp(u[2:3])) } outMLE <- dlmMLE(IBM, parm = rep(0,3), buildCapm) exp(outMLE$par)
outMLE
outMLE$value mod <- buildCapm(outMLE$par)
outS <- dlmSmooth(IBM, mod)
plot(dropFirst(outS$s)) outS$s


I want to be able to plot the smoothing estimates plot(dropFirst(outS$s)) for my own data, which I’m having trouble executing. UPDATE I can now produce these plots but I don’t think they are correct. fishdata <- read.csv("http://dl.dropbox.com/s/4w0utkqdhqribl4/fishdata.csv", header=T) x <- as.numeric(fishdata$marinefao)
y <- as.numeric(fishdata$inlandfao) xts <- ts(x, start=c(1950,1), frequency=1) xts yts <- ts(y, start=c(1950,1), frequency=1) yts lmodel <- lm(yts ~ xts) ################################################# require(dlm) buildCapm <- function(u){ dlmModReg(xts, dV = exp(u[1]), dW = exp(u[2:3])) } outMLE <- dlmMLE(yts, parm = rep(0,3), buildCapm) exp(outMLE$par)
outMLE$value mod <- buildCapm(outMLE$par)
outS <- dlmSmooth(yts, mod)
plot(dropFirst(outS$s)) > summary(outS$s); lmodel$coef V1 V2 Min. :87.67 Min. :1.445 1st Qu.:87.67 1st Qu.:1.924 Median :87.67 Median :3.803 Mean :87.67 Mean :4.084 3rd Qu.:87.67 3rd Qu.:6.244 Max. :87.67 Max. :7.853 (Intercept) xts 273858.30308 1.22505  The intercept smoothing estimate (V1) is far from the lm regression coefficient. I assume they should be nearer to each other. Answer What is exactly your problem? The only pitfall I found is that, apparently, fishdata <- read.csv("http://dl.dropbox.com/s/4w0utkqdhqribl4, fishdata.csv", header=T)  reads data as integers. I had to convert them to float, x <- as.numeric(fishdata$marinefao)
y <- as.numeric(fishdata\$inlandfao)


before I could invoke the dlm* functions.